A Study On Allahabad Tourism Essay

A Study On Allahabad Tourism Essay Known as Prayaga in the Vedic literature, as Tirth raj in the Puranas, and as Illahabas during the times of Emperor Akbar, Allahabad is situated at Triveni Sangam, or the confluence of the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Sarasvati (which has now disappeared). It is an ancient belief that all sins get washed away when you enter this holy city. Various mythological stories are attached to this city. It formed the epicenter of the Indian Freedom Movement and has produced many of Indias leading political figures. Many important government offices are also situated in this city. It is also well-known for the Diocese of Allahabad. Allahabad is a city of mixed cultures. Awadhi is the dialect of Hindi spoken here. Places to See Allahabad is a both a historical and a popular center for education. Places you must visit at Allahabad are: The Sangam Maha Kumbh Mela (after every 12 years) Allahabad Fort Patalpuri Temple Ashoka Pillar Akshaya Vat Allahabad High Court Shivkoti Mahadev Temple Someshwar Mahadev Temple Anand Bhavan Allahabad Planetarium Allahabad Museum Patthar Girja Minto Park Khusro bagh Dashaswamedh Temple (on the bank of Ganges in Daraganj) Prayag Sangeet Samiti (A place in Civil Lines for musically oriented) Shopping Being a historical and religious center, shopping in Allahabad for ethnic jewelry, incense sticks, sandalwood, camphor, and vermillion, posters of gods and goddesses, and items made of brass can be a memorable experience. For the book lovers, Allahabad is a city of publishers. Where To Stay Allahabad caters to people of all economic strata. Some of the hotels that we recommend are: Kanha Shyam Hotel, Hotel Milan Palace, Hotel Saket, Grand Continental Hotel and Hotel Ajay International. How to Reach Allahabad For the international traveler, the best route to Allahabad would be to take a flight to New Delhi and then take any one of the innumerable trains from New Delhi to Allahabad. By Road: Allahabad is situated on the National Highways 2 and 27 and well-connected by roads in good condition to all the other parts of the state. You can either take a bus run by the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport or a private transporter. An eight-lane access known as Ganga Expressway is soon going connect Allahabad to other cities. By Rail: Allahabad is a major city on the railway map of India. Many rains ply to and fro. Some of them are the Shivganga Express (from New Delhi), New Delhi-Puri Express, Mathura Express (from Mathura). By Air: The nearest Airport is at Bamrauli (14 km) and Varanasi (120 km). There are regular flights from Delhi.

Oral Health Disparities Health And Social Care Essay

Oral wellness disparities between autochthonal and non-indigenous populations are reflected across the universe. The Maori are the autochthonal population of New Zealand ( NZ ) and do up about 17 % of the entire population. They have higher degrees of offense, lower life anticipations and lower incomes compared to other cultural populations in NZ. Unfortunately unwritten wellness position seems to follow this tendency. The 2009 New Zealand Oral Health Survey ( NZOHS 2009 ) , the first national study on unwritten wellness position in NZ, showed that although big betterments have been made in unwritten wellness with the population, unluckily the health care system was neglecting to run into the demands of the Maori population and particularly its kids see table 1. This was in maintaining with findings from other surveies. Number of lasting dentitions with untreated coronal decay per individual, among kids and striplings aged 5-17 old ages, by population group ( adjusted ratio of agencies and difference in agencies )Group of involvementReference groupAdjustment variablesRatio of agenciesDifference in agenciesMale childs MaI„ori Pacific Asiatic Most deprived vicinities ( NZDep2006 ) 1 Girls Non-MaI„ori Non-Pacific Non-Asian Least deprived vicinities Age group Age group, sex Age group, sex Age group, sex Age group, sex, cultural group 1.0 2.4* 1.3 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.1* 0.0 0.0 0.0 Beginning: 2009 New Zealand Oral Health Survey Note: Entire response criterion end product for MaI„ori, Pacific and Asian cultural groups has been used. 1 For vicinity want, the ratio of agencies and difference in agencies refer to the comparative index of inequality ( RII ) and the incline of inequality ( SII ) , severally. See methods for more inside informations. * Indicates a statistically important consequence ( p-value & lt ; 0.05 ) . Factors which are thought to lend to this inequality spread are a combination of cultural, socioeconomic, healthcare handiness, lifestyle issues, and favoritism and consist of: The low consumption of alveolar consonant attention services within the Maori population ( 6 ) . New Zealand even though it has good entree to dental attention for kids and striplings it appears that Maori kids were less likely to see a dental professional than kids of other cultural groups. Even though Maori grownups admitted to a high degree of perceived demand they were less likely to see a tooth doctor and cited costs for dental services as an of import factor. Maori kids and grownups were less likely to brush their dentitions with toothpaste incorporating 1000 parts per million ( ppm ) fluoride compared with other cultural groups. Besides they were less likely to brush their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours ( 6 ) . Here the demand for positive unwritten wellness behavior is highlighted. The NZOHS 2009 found discrepancies in unwritten wellness position between people resident in countries with fluoridated and non-fluoridated imbibing H2O. Disparities between age groups with immature grownups age between 18 to 34 old ages holding a significantly worse unwritten wellness position. Social economic want compounded inequalities in unwritten wellness position and this is consistent with old wellness studies in NZ and international comparings. Peoples resident in high socio-economically deprived countries had poorer unwritten wellness position.Sketch a realistic design of a service to run into the demandsIn seeking to undertake the inequality in unwritten wellness for the Maori population one has to turn to the issues merely decribed and particularly of the low consumption for alveolar consonant attention services. Here the plan would hold to turn to the barriers to care and other determiners. These would include entree to fluoride, and dietetic advice, and cognition of costs and dental service entitlements. The purposes of the service would be: To promote and advance unwritten wellness To better and develop comfortss and services that best trade with the unwritten wellness demands of the Mauri population To better and back up the unwritten wellness work force To acertain and develop quality in the service. A community-based plan could be instigated and would look at including the followers: An accent on preschool kids to be registered with the school dental service at one twelvemonth old. Surveies allude to a less than 60 % grade in registration for kids under 5 old ages old. The integrating of unwritten wellness attention services with mainstream general wellness attention would besides ease improved entree. Using skill mix of dental professionals in order to accomplish optimal bringing. Using unwritten health care professionals healers, clinical denta technicians, The service would look at increasing the capableness and capacity of current Maori wellness attention suppliers and healers and besides by the proviso of new services. The proviso of grounds based bar such as fluoride toothpastes, fluoride varnishes, crevice sealers, fluoridated H2O will be at the head of intervention schemes. Although at present there is non adequate grounds to propose one better than the other crevice sealers and fluoride varnish programmes programmes will be built-in to the service. The puting up of a Maori unwritten wellness squad within the community consisting of a tooth doctor supported by dental attention professionals such as healers. This could be aided ab initio by the usage of maori tooth doctors / therapists/ healthcare workers to better prosecute the popultation. Sing entree the service would include the proviso of a dental installations in close propinquity to the communities and this could be in either in the signifier of new surgeries in community scenes ( eg community centres/ schools ) and or the usage of nomadic dental surgeries. These installations would be marketed and awareness raised within the Maori community. They would be equipped with modern equipment and meet modern wellness and safety ordinances. Staffing would chiefly conisist of dental healers helped with dental helpers overseen by a part-time or full clip tooth doctor. They would handle kids and striplings but be able to offer attention to grownups. Offering attention to grownups that do non measure up from freedom of dental fees would intend the puting up of payment installations. The demand to turn to cost concerns for grownups sing dental attention is of import. Cost was identified as a major barrier to entree ( 6 ) . The publicity of dental services available and their costs, particularly information on entitlements to those with low socio-economic standing, would be propagated by the squad. Child and adolescent alveolar consonant attention consumes most of the public dental budget and hence bar utilizing dental work force accomplishment mix is polar and can be more economical. Dental healers could be used to advance healthy behaviors and besides be used for intercessions such as fluoride varnish and crevice sealers. Robust links with other primary attention professionals would be forged and the bringing of wellness messages utilizing a common hazard factor attack facilitated. The nexus between unwritten wellness and general wellness is widely acknowledged and the linking with other healthcare suppliers who may be in a better, and more community established place, would be favorable. In turn toing unwritten wellness attention behaviors such as brushing at least twice a twenty-four hours and utilizing fluoridated toothpaste which has at least 1000ppm fluoride will necessitate undertanding of the societal determiners of unwritten attention. Programs to supply free, or at decreased cost, toothbrushes and toothpaste could be looked at. The usage of Maori health care professionals would help the bringing of messages every bit good as provide feedback. The drawn-out household ( whanau ) construct would be integrated seamlessly into the proviso of dental attention. Witinh the community, attending of household members would be encouraged and the whole pattern of regularly sing dental professionals impressed as usual behavior. The designation and usage of nodal people within the maori community to circulate the benefits of behavioral alteration would assist to increase consciousness of unwritten wellness ( oranga niho ) within the Maori comminuty. Health publicity with messages on entree to fluorides, dietetic advice on sugars, unwritten hygiene processs, and smoking surcease would be provided. The handiness of fluoridated H2O at 1ppm fluoride would be looked at. Fluoridated H2O has been shown to cut down the incidence of dental cavities in populations. Notwithstanding its defects entree to fluoridated H2O would be an assistance in cut downing cavities degrees and acquiring bar into difficult to make communities. As H2O fluoridization could be frought with troubles so other methods of increasing fluoride availabilty non mentioned antecedently could be considered, such as milk flouridation. Milk fluoridization has been shown to be an assistance in cut downing cavities degrees.Describe the rules you would utilize for be aftering the service and implementing.The rules that would underly any strategic planning rhythm would be: Support from stakeholders and national organic structures. There would necessitate to be top degree support, direction and way. Support from other health care services and a multidisciplinary attack. Evidence based attention would be supported. A coherent and methodical attack to financial projection and proviso A structured procedure for execution detailed in comprehensive planning Evaluation of procedure and result. Throughout one would be looking at placing barriers to alter and so seeking to turn to and take them. The strategic planning rhythm would hold the undermentioned stairss: Strategic way Needs appraisal Explicating purposes and aims. Stipulate needed characteristics Contemplate options Creat detailed program. Implement program Monitor and measure. Re-evaluate. First guaranting that national statute law and policy way is taken into history during planning. The World Health Organisation advocated that unwritten wellness be integrated as portion of general wellness attention policies of states in its 2005 Liverpool Declaration. In NZ the national unwritten wellness scheme papers â€Å" Good Teeth for all for life † supports this and sets out the vision for unwritten wellness attention in the close hereafter. This has been informed at national degree and will impact and order regional policy and scheme. It has been guided by the New Zealand Health Strategy and others such as the Maori Health Startegy, Health of Older People Strategy, New Zealand Disability Strategy, Maori Child Oral Health and School Dental Service reviews. Service planning should besides take into history the function and standard operating processs advocated by regulative organic structures such as the Quality Improvement Agency ( Health Quality and Safety Commission ) , and the Dental Council of New Zealand under the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003. An environmental analysis would be of import in giving a clear image of the current unwritten wellness demands at local degree and the service availabilty. This would be really utile in planning and aid to set up the geographical logistics, grade and type of service required and workforce options present. Insight into the adaptability required from the service in managing with unpredictable fluctuations in demand. Clinicians and patients positions can be conflicting in their assesment of service demands and it is of import to undertand both sides. Determining the figure of bilingual health care workers would be an illustration of the informations that would be collected during the environmental analysis. Expressed demand from patients will change significantly from that of normative demand thought by clinicians. Here sociodental steps of unwritten wellness could be used if possible to acquire a better apprehension of the psychological and societal affects of unwritten wellness and di sease. Cultural apprehension of Maori behavior will be helped by commnuity input. Required service features can so be specified. These would include the location, range of pattern, work force staffing, estate direction, preparation required and information engineering needed. Evidence based attention would inform the range and type of pattern needed. The integrating of unwritten wellness services with a multidisciplinary attack should seek to be incorporated. It has been shown that in comparing with the remainder of the population Maoris are more likely to smoke, be corpulent, and have high blood pressure. Consideration would so be given to the options available to turn to the needed service characteristics. Options such as increasing capacity of bing services or put ining new 1s or a combination of both would be thought approximately. Workforce options such as developing new and bing personel, proviso of scholarships for preparation, and consideration for abroad enlisting would be looked at. Choices for commissioning and paths of support would necessitate to be considered. Options for developing publically funded unwritten wellness services with and /or without prosecuting the private sector could be considered. Risk impact analysis would assist to inform planning. Contribution from the District Health Boards ( DHBs ) and Maori Healthcare Providers once more would be utile. The following phase in planning would be to bring forth a elaborate program which would demo lines of answerability and clip frames. Target times would be allocated and the procedure of rating of the planning procedure included. The usage of Gantt charts would be advised. The of import portion of really implementing the program needs to be looked at closely. Once the program has been approved farther appraisal would be carried out to place any barriers that may impede execution and so efforts to get the better of them instigated. Informing the local relevant commissions and clinicians is an of import measure. Educational meetings, conferences, and workshops to inform and educate health care professionals about the program and grounds based bar schemes would assist to alter clinical behavior. Identifying inspiring sentiment leaders who can act upon healthcare professionals and execute a mentoring function thereby easing consciousness and credence of alterations in clinical pattern would be favorable. Execution should affect get the better ofing barriers at the public degree and negotiations for local Maori communities should be arranged. This would once more profit by being addressed by Maori wellness professionals. Raising consciousness of the program and practical issues for the commuinity could be tackled. The usage of media and local influential people such as community seniors would be utile in community conformity with the service. Local indorsement for undertakings such as H2O fuoridation would be helped by the fosterage of these community confederations. Evaluation of the procedure of execution and auditing of the results should be emphasised at the beginning. Formulation and usage of scrutinizing tools with outcome steps should be agreed and actioned. Results and procedure should be judged against recognized quality steps and this should continuously feedback and inform the planning rhythm. These should embrace unwritten wellness related quality of life indexs every bit good as clinical 1s. Normally a lame association has been found when these 2 types of indexs have been compared. Evaluation of the service should include safety, effectivity, conformity with grounds based research, and staying with planned budgets.Describe how you would guarantee quality in the new serviceQuality in health care services is a really of import issue. Maxwell ( 1984 ) described it necessitating to see effectivity, entree, efficiency and economic system, relevancy, and equity. Structure, procedure and result are related facets that quality can be measured by. To guarantee quality in the proposed service there will be a Clinical Governance Framework which will include all apsects of the service. First a quality squad would be set up and quality defined and criterions agreed on. This squad would include service user representation ( Maori representation ) , bottom degree service provders ( tooth doctors, healers, healthcare forces ) and besides high degree personel ( health care directors, national stakeholder organic structures ) . Good relationships between all parties would necess itate to be fostered to advance trust and agreement. Agreed criterions should efficaciously stand for aspects of patient safety, effectivity of attention, and patient experience. This has been put frontward by Lord Darzi in UK and has been developed to put out the seven spheres of quality. Criteria would so be set on mensurating these criterions. These should conform with the current criterions expected and set out by the New Zealand Dental Association ( NZDA ) and the Dental Council of New Zealand such as NZDA Codes of Practice ( 24 ) , NZDA Code of Ethics, NZDA/DCNZ Joint Dentists ‘ Code of Practice: Informed Consent, DCNZ Code of Practice: Informed Consent ( for alveolar consonant healers, dental hygienists and aides and dental technicians/clinical alveolar consonant technicians ) , NZDA/DCNZ Joint Dentists ‘ Code of Practice: Sexual Boundaries in the Dentist A ­ Patient Relationship. Standardized quality steps will be agreed upon to enable monitoring. This once more will include all parts of the planning and execution procedure. Monitoring and scrutinizing public presentation can be a fraught with troubles and set uping a quality outcomes model will be supportive. Measuring quality against agreed criterions is indispensable and can besides supply of import feedback into the audit rhythm. Monitoring will include: Clinical results Stakeholder and community ( Maori ) positions Research and studies Auditing tools for clinical attention results would be constructed and made available to appropritate forces to finish. The effectual usage of information engineerings and package would be used. This would particularly assist to garner informations on entree and consumption. The positions and sentiments of service users ( patients and clinical forces ) would be actively sought. Creation of a research group/ committee will set up links with The Health Research Council of New Zealand and via The Strategic Plan for Maori Health Ressearch 2010-2015, aid to back up appropriate research. Subsequent findings will be disseminated and used to inform farther policy. Hence this will supply valuable information and promote and better quality. After informations aggregation assessment of pattern can be made against the in agreement criterions and designation of jobs, issues, and hapless and good public presentation attained. Changes required to better public presentation can be agreed on and so impemented. The service would be capable to changeless periodical reappraisals. By sporadically measuring and scrutinizing the service, quality can be improved and more significantly the whole system can be kept feasible and appropriate for the demands of the population for which it was intended. In decision, for a new service to accomplish its purposes adeqeuate planning and execution are a requirement. This should actively and invariably affect all stakeholder sentiments and positions. Quality confidence should be planned in from the start and implemented. The service designed which should integrate an incorporate multidisciplinary attack which understands the complex societal, environmental, and economic determiners of unwritten wellness may so hold a opportunity at being effectual in cut downing unwritten wellness inequalities.

Positive outcomes for children and young people Essay

1.1 Social factors Personal choice Some families decide that they do not wish to live or act in a way in which is viewed as normal. For instance a child may be from a travelling family. The outcome of this factor is that there are people which may not be able to relate to the child or young person’s families views. If a Child is from a travelling family there is a possibility that their development at school may be delayed due to being transferred from school to school. Poor parental supervision and neglect All children need a routine and a loving family home. Without these there may be conflict at their school because they do not know or understand acceptable boundaries. They may have vague view of their own abilities and may believe they are allowed to do what they want because they do not know any different. Lack of boundaries could result in them becoming involved in crime and anti-social behaviour. Neglect could lead to health problems through malnutrition. They may struggle to form social relationships because of their lack of personal hygiene. Poor clothing could lead to bulling and teasing, causing them to be withdrawn and become isolated. Offending or anti-social behaviour Children who miss behave and break the law may run the risk of being expelled from school. Also there is a possibility that their family could be evicted from their social housing accommodation. A child could be taken into care for various reasons such as a parent could be in prison.. The child may perceive the behaviour as normal or acceptable. It may result in them making some bad personal choices. Disability – if there is a parent or a child in the family that has a disability, this could affect the family especially if the child is used as a carer for their parents. In some cases respite care may be needed for families with family members that are disabled and this can cause family disruptions and inconsistency in a young person’s care especially if the respite care is for overnight visits away from home. Health support – whilst a child or family member is receiving support for healths issue this could possibly affect continuity of care, education, development and income. Addictions The impact on addictions can be varied. They can suffer health problems if their mother had a drug or alcohol problem during pregnancy. They may suffer from neglect, abuse or violence. If they have younger siblings they may find themselves responsible for their care and therefore may suffer stress and feel isolated. They may feel scared and find it difficult to speak to people for fear of getting in trouble or going into care. They may ultimately find themselves in care if the addiction results in their parents being unable to care for them. Bereavement and loss If a family loses a member of the family or a close friend this could affect the mental and in turn physical health of a family. Adults that have lost their partners may find the emotional strain difficult to cope with and may then find it more difficult to care for other children in the family. This can leave a child feeling very insecure and frightened. They may become quiet and withdrawn. They may become very emotional, clingy and tearful or become violent and abusive. They may feel angry, let down and abandoned. Their work and concentration at school may suffer as a result of any stress and worry they may be feeling. They may suffer poverty as a result of a fall in the household income and also suffer a dramatic change in lifestyle that leaves them confused. Economic factors Poverty Families that live in poverty are more likely to suffer mental and physical problems and therefore may not be able to provide for their child. Poverty can result from low income, unemployment, parental separation, illness or disability, addictions, or criminal activities. Children may suffer malnutrition or a poor diet as a result of their parents being unable to afford quality food. It is possible for children to also suffer health related issues. If a child is within a poverty stricken family and this is noticeable by the clothes the child wears and activity the child’s parents may not be able to afford then the child is at risk of potential bullying. Housing and community Families on a low income can be placed in local authority housing. If the family grows then this can cause overcrowding within the home. It can result in child having no privacy or space which can affect the child homework. If the home is within a dangerous area then this may result in the children becoming isolated, as their parents may be fearful of letting them out to play or they may themselves become involved in anti-social behaviour and criminal activities. Lack of academic achievement Children whose parents have had poor education or lack numeracy and literacy skills may struggle at school. Their parents may show little in their education and as a result they themselves may also lose interest and starts miss behaving in class or follow in the wrong crowd of friend which will lead to them failing in their education and struggle to get employment as an adult. Cultural factors Religious beliefs and customs Children may have to attend a school that is associated with their religion. It is always possible that this gives the child a different quality/balance of education. They may struggle to understand other people‘s religion or lifestyle choices. They may become confused or isolated and struggle to interact with the community. They may also experience or witness abuse on the grounds of their religious beliefs. Ethnic beliefs and customs Ethnic beliefs and customs can affect a child’s clothing, customs, dietary needs, education and other areas of their lives. Children may have different clothing which could lead to them being bullied. Their culture may view interaction between men and women in a different way. Children will struggle to recognise what is acceptable at school as it differs from home. This could cause them to come into conflict with school rules or to be perceived as mis behaving. 1.2 Low income for a family suffering from poverty can mean that children may not have the same advantages of other children not living in poverty. Such as not having â€Å"normal† clothes or accessories. Children may see this as a target for teasing and bullying. Poor housing could lead to ill health due to unacceptable standards within the home. Such as damp within the home or draft from poor quality of housing. Not having access to the correct food and warm clothing could affect health. Families that live in poverty are more likely to suffer mental and physical problems and therefore may not be able to provide for their child. Poverty can result from low income, unemployment, parental separation, illness or disability, addictions, or criminal activities. Children may suffer malnutrition or a poor diet as a result of their parents being unable to afford quality food. It is possible for children to also suffer health related issues. If a child is within a poverty stricken family and this is noticeable by the clothes the child wears and activity’s the child’s parents may not be able to afford then the child is at risk of potential bullying. 1.3 In accordance with Article 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child the outcomes of the Governments Every Child Matters framework and the Early Years Foundation Stage, children should be provisioned for by ensuring that children are involved and engaged with, allowing them to be heard, to make decisions, contribute their experiences and be supported and safeguarded throughout their development. Even from an early age, children’s choices, even simple ones, can have an impact on their life chances and outcomes such as choosing which toys to play with at pre-school or which friends to play with, a child may develop a friendship with another child who is perhaps a bit louder and boisterous and may display unwanted behaviour, this choice of friend may have a negative impact on the child’s behaviour at home or in other settings they move onto. Whilst the child has the right to choose their friends, it is our responsibility to involve the child in setting e xpectations of their behaviour and help them to make a positive contribution, which is one of the outcomes of the ECM framework. Children throughout their lives will make choices such as whether to eat healthily or unhealthily or start smoking or drinking, as any early years setting we ensure that we offer healthy snacks and encourage parents to supply healthy balanced lunch boxes, we involve the children in activities and discussions about the importance of healthy living but there will come a point where they can choose for themselves. If a child/young person chooses to eat unhealthily this will have a negative impact on their well-being, they could become overweight, develop diabetes and it could exclude them from taking part in activities, this could continue and have a negative knock on effect throughout their lives perhaps causing them to suffer low self esteem and become withdrawn from social situations. 2.1 The Every child matters outcomes are: Be Healthy – this also includes how our health is affected by our social, mental, emotional and physical well-being. The Government has a focus on healthy living for children. At my preschool we provide healthy snacks for the children. We also promote healthy choices, talk about healthy hearts and activities that teach them an active lifestyle.Stay Safe – we ensure children in our care are safeguarded. We have a named safeguarding officer who we can take any concerns to. We also have a robust safeguarding policy. Children know they can talk to any member of staff if they do not feel safe and they know they will be listened to.Enjoy and Achieve – we observe children so we understand their needs and can then plan more accurately for individual children.Make a Positive Contribution – we are continually assessing and developing our policies to ensure we are always making positive contributions to children’s developmentAchieve Economic Well-being  œ by ensuring we follow all the EYFS and Every Child Matters we are ensuring all children have the best start in life and can go on into adulthood and achieve economic well-being. 2.2 The importance of designing services is that each child, young person and their family will have different needs, requirements and barriers that can prevent their access and success. Securing positive outcomes and maximising life chances. It is important to design services that respond to each unique set of needs as each organisation supporting children and young people will be working on behalf of them to achieve the five positive outcomes of every child matters .A non-responsive service would be less accessible, date quickly, may discriminate, be unable to cope with queries, requests, break down and have the potentially to damage the interests of those in need, failing in its ability to safeguard children and the extended community.Issues involved with designing services: How networking between services happens Outreach services and what is available Communication & consultation Making effective change Flexibility in working together Care in preparation Integrating information from differing services Collaboration between services, children, young people, parents Ensuring information 2.3 Its very important to listen to children’s views and communicate with parents and respect their points of view. We need to communicate well with children and take into account that young children may use non verbal communication. If children and young people are given chances on what activity they would like to do they are making a decision which can help them become confident. Every week we let the children plan to play. They get to decide where exactly they would like to play within the nursery and if there are certain activity’s they would like to carry out. It is always the child’s decision. It allows the children to make the choice by themselves building up confidence, self-esteem and social skills. I really enjoy seeing the children gain their confidence and I can tell it makes them feel very important by being allowed to deal and make their own choices. I notice that if the child is allowed to make their own choice then they are much more focused on their chosen activity rather than being told what activity they are doing. Whilst doing this and the child is growing up they can take with them their decision making skills and apply them to adult life. 2.4 2-3 years of age.All children of different ages and stages will chose what they would like to play with within our setting. They do not get help from the adults unless a little support is needed on how to carry out a certain activity. Children will chose different activities to play with. One child will play with cars trains. Another child might like the sensory equipment such as paint and sand. As practitioners in our setting it is our job to provide a variety of resources for the child to make their own choices. This will encourage the child to explore the environment and play with the activities that they enjoy.At snack time we offer a variety of fruit and this is passed round the children sitting in a circle. Again the child is able to make the decision on what type of fruit they would like to eat.Ages 3-6 years.Again at this age within our setting we promote that every child has a variety of choices when planning their time in nursery. At this age I have noticed that because the children are getting older and developing personality and relationships with the other children they tend to stick to the same type of activity. 7- 9 years At this age they like to choose what kind of after school activities they would like to participate, this will be incorporated with their likes and dislikes. This is the time where they take more interest in their optional units at school, this again can be a battle that takes part with parents because the young adult may want to take options that the parents disagree with, however I feel that with both of my children I did let them choose their own optional units and they both did very well, I feel this was because they were interested in what they chose to do. They don’t have an option on certain subjects so it is important for them to help chose the ones that they can. Teenagers-19 years They will choose what work experience they would like to do. This will enable them to try a certain type of work before they go to college or university. They also begin to have a sense of style by choosing and buying their own clothes. Sometimes they will have dramatic choices in life to make, however they can sometimes make the wrong choices, this can include under-age drinking, drugs, smoking, gangs, crime and we can only be there to advise and help support the teenager we can reinforce what they are doing to themselves and others and offer support and guidance. They have to make certain life changing choices such as relationship, employment, which university or college these will be important changes that only they can make. 3.1 Disability can impact the life of a child because of discrimination. Within society children get discriminated against because of their disability. This could be by not being included within groups of children because of their disability. This happens often in our society because young people or children do not understand what disability is at a young age. The result of this discrimination happening could be that the child or young person could get depressed and have low self esteem from not been included. The lack of opportunity available for disabled people could effect disabled or young peoples lives this could be no disabled access on mainstream schools or colleges or on community centres which acts as a barrier for the disabled people when they are trying to lead normal lives. When disabled people cannot use public facilities as mentioned above, it also gives them a barrier to choice and they cannot choose to do things which are not available for them. An example of lack of choi ce is courses within colleges that are not available to the disabled because there is no access . 3.2 A person is often disabled as a result of their impairment unless an effort is made to allow them to fit in and feel accepted. It is possible to avoid or reduce the impact of the impairment so the person can have opportunities to make choices, develop their potential, become independent and play a full part in society. You should always keep a balance between being realistic about the limitations that a child’s impairment may cause, whilst at the same time having high expectations for their progress and achievements.Practitioners should have a positive attitude about their capacity to provide for disabled children’s requirements, and are ready to learn new skills such as sign language or using the Makaton system. The children have greater opportunities for making developmental progress. 3.3 Models of disability provide a framework for understanding the way in which people with impairments experience disability. The social model of disability identifies systemic barriers, negative attitudes and exclusion by society that means society is the main factor in disabling people. While physical, sensory, intellectual, or psychological variations may cause individual functional limitation or impairments these do not have to lead to disability unless society fails to take account of and include people regardless of their individual differences. The social model can affect daily practice as some people can not take part in a going to a swimming lesson unless it is specialised. An example of when this takes place is when workplaces do not have wheelchair ramps, so people in wheelchairs can not be employed there. This also happens in some restaurants. The medical model of disability is by which illness or disability being the result of a physical condition, and which is intrinsic to the individual may reduce the individual’s quality of life and causes clear disadvantages to the individual. The medical model tends to believe that ‘curing’ or at least ‘managing’ illness or disability mostly or completely revolves around identifying the illness or disability from an in-depth clinical perspective understanding it, and learning to ‘control’ and/or alter its course. 3.4 Speech and language therapy- they will usually work in partnership with parents, teachers and support staff and anyone else who has regular contact with the child and provide training and coaching sessions and provide them with ideas and strategies to put into place to help promote the child’s speech. I myself have sat in on a session with a child in school when the speech therapist came to have a meeting with a child and she gave me advice sheets on how best to help the child with his speech including picture cards with words on with either two, three and even four syllables and the child was encouraged to clap the amount of syllables while saying the word. Support from health professionals additional learning support- a child who has a disability like down syndrome may need extra support in the classroom to help them learn in my setting we have a child who comes in every Tuesday for social skills and he has his own teaching assistant to support him with his needs. A child with epilepsy is likely to require regular monitoring from health professionals and medication, which needs to be adjusted appropriately. Assistive technology- these would be anything which will help someone for example wheelchairs, hearing aids, walking frames in my setting we use large computer key boards for some children and for a child who is blind you could use software which reads text from a screen there are many different aids available for children and adults to help them with everyday tasks. 4.1 Diversity is about valuing individual difference. So ‘diversity’ is much more than just a new word for equality. A diversity approach aims to recognise value and manage difference to enable all employees to contribute and realise their full potential. Diversity challenges us to recognise and value all sorts of differences in order to make our environment a better place for everyone to work. Equality is about making sure people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is not about treating everyone in the same way, but it recognises that their needs are met in different ways. Equality focuses on those areas covered by the law, namely the key areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation, transgender and Age. People must not be unfairly discriminated against because of any of these factors and we must all contribute to creating a positive workplace and service delivery environment where discriminatory practices and discrimination no longer happen. Inclusion is about ensuring that children and young people, whatever their background or situation, are able to participate fully in all aspects of the life in school. It is not about viewing everyone as the same or providing the same work, but about providing the same opportunities and access to a high quality of education. 4.2 By treating all families equally this as a positive impact on the child because they can see that their family is being respected and will raise the child’s self esteem. In my setting we promote different cultures and religions every year we celebrate the Chinese New Year and children are taught about some of their traditions and we make dragons and red envelopes with money in and this year in PE we even used materials for the children to dress at dragons and do a dance. My setting provides excellent equipment and resources to enable children to be included and the correct training of staff. We have wall displays about others counties and provide many books on other cultures and religions in the library we display work the children have done for parents to see. We adapt activities to meet the needs of the child and also adapt ways of communicating including visual aids, body language, and speaking slower and face-to-face.Speech therapists promote this by providing different types of communicating methods. With the child and the parents. Behavioural support will come into school and give information and advice on the best ways to tackle bad behaviour and they will also work with the parents.Education support services will monitor attendance and provide a link between school, parent and pupils where necessary and they will develop a supportive relationship between them. They will give advice on issues such as bullying and also they will take legal action against parents if their child is not accessing an education.

How to Find the Aquarius Constellation

The Aquarius constellation is one of several water-related star patterns in the sky. Take some time to look for this constellation in the night sky when it is most visible, starting in late October. Finding Aquarius Aquarius is visible from nearly the entire planet. It is bounded by several other constellations: Cetus (the sea monster), Pisces, Capricornus, Aquila, and Pegasus. Aquarius lies along the zodiac and ecliptic. A star chart showing Aquarius and three deep-sky objects. Carolyn Collins Petersen   The Story of Aquarius The constellation Aquarius was once called The Great One (or GU LA in the Babylonian language). Aquarius was linked to the god Ea, a figure that frequently appears in Babylonian artifacts. Ea was often associated with the floods that regularly visited the Babylonian part of the Middle East.   Like the Babylonians, the ancient Egyptians saw the constellation as a god associated with flooding. Hindus saw the star pattern as a water pitcher, and in ancient China, the constellation was interpreted as a water jar with a stream flowing away from it. The ancient Greeks had many tales about Aquarius, but mostly associated it with Ganymede, a Greek hero who ascended to Mount Olympus to serve as the cup-carrier to the gods. This depiction as a water-bearer stands to this day.   The Stars of Aquarius In the official IAU chart of Aquarius, the figure of the water bearer is accompanied by a number of other stars that exist in this region. The brightest star is called alpha Aquarii and, like beta Aquarii, is a yellow supergiant star. They are G-type stars and are several times more massive than the Sun. Alpha Aquarii also has the name Sadalmelik, while beta is also called Sadalsuud.   The official IAU constellation star chart. IAU/Sky Publishing   One of the most fascinating stars in this constellation is R Aquarii, a variable star. R Aquarii is made up of a pair of stars: a white dwarf and another variable, which orbit each other once every 44 years. As they circle their common center of gravity, the white dwarf member pulls material from its partner. Eventually, some of that material erupts off the white dwarf, which causes the star to brighten considerably. The pair has a nebula of material surrounding it called Cederblad 211. The material in the nebula may be associated with the periodic outbursts that this star pair experiences.   Image made from HST imagery of R Aquarii. The pair of stars is surrounded by material lost from one of the pair. STSCI/NASA/ESA/Judy Schmidt   Avid meteor shower watchers may be familiar with the three showers that seem to emanate from Aquarius each year. The first is the Eta Aquariids, which on the 5th and 6th of May. This is the strongest of the three and can produce up to 35 meteors per hour. The meteors from this shower come from materials shed by Comet Halley as it travels through the solar system. The Delta Aquariids that peak twice: once on the 29th of July and again on the 6th of August. Its not quite as active as its sister shower in May, but still worth checking out. The weakest of the three is the Iota Aquariids, which peak on August 6th each year.   Deep-sky Objects in Aquarius Aquarius is not close to the plane of the galaxy where many deep-sky objects exist, but it nevertheless sports a treasury of objects to explore. Observers with good telescopes and binoculars can find galaxies, globular cluster, and a few planetary nebulae. The globular cluster M2 can be seen with the naked eye under good conditions, and a telescope reveals much more detail. M2 is a tightly packed globular cluster. Its shown here in an image by Sean X. Curry. Sean X Curry, CC BY-SA 4.0 Also worth exploring is a pair of planetary nebulae called the Saturn Nebula and the Helix Nebula. These are the remains of stars in their death processes. In the not-too-distant past, they gently pushed their outer atmospheres off to space, leaving behind beautiful glowing clouds surrounding the leftovers of their progenitor stars. In a few thousand years, the clouds will dissipate, leaving behind a pair of cooling white dwarfs. The Helix Nebula as seen by HST and CTIO; bottom image is a 3D computer model of this dying star and its nebula. STScI/CTIO/NASA For a more challenging observation activity, sky-gazers can seek out the galaxy NGC 7727. It lies about 76 million light-years away from us. Professional astronomers are studying long streamers of gas that emanate from the galaxy, which is classified as a peculiar galaxy due to its odd shape. NGC 7727 is likely in the final stage of a galaxy merger, and will eventually become a large elliptical galaxy in the distant figure.